Cadrele metalice-organice reduc consumul de energie al produselor petrochimice(Metal-organic frameworks cut energy consumption of petrochemicals)

) În industria chimică și petrochimică, separarea moleculelor într-un mod eficient din punct de vedere energetic este una dintre cele mai importante provocări. În ansamblu, procesele de separare reprezintă aproximativ 40% din energia consumată în industria petrochimică, iar reducerea acestora poate contribui la soluționarea emisiilor de carbon antropice.
Unul dintre cele mai importante produse din industria petrochimică este propilena, care este utilizată pe scară largă în fibre, spumă, materiale plastice etc. Propilena purificatoare necesită aproape întotdeauna separarea acesteia de propan. În prezent, acest lucru se face prin distilare criogenică, unde cele două gaze sunt lichefiate prin răcire la temperaturi sub zero. Acest lucru conferă procesului de separare propilen-propan o amprentă foarte mare de energie.
O soluție este utilizarea „cadrelor metalice-organice” (MOF). Acestea sunt polimeri cristalini porosi, realizați din noduri metalice care sunt legate între ele prin liganzi organici. Porii din structura lor moleculară permit MF să capteze moleculele atât de eficient încât sunt acum candidați primari în cercetarea privind captarea carbonului.

Posted: Mar 15, 2018

Metal-organic frameworks cut energy consumption of petrochemicals

(Nanowerk News) In the chemical and the petrochemical industries, separating molecules in an energy-efficient way is one of the most important challenges. Overall, the separation processes account for around 40% of the energy consumed in the petrochemical industry, and reducing this can help addressing anthropogenic carbon emissions.
One of the most important products in the petrochemical industry is propylene, which is widely used in fibers, foams, plastics etc. Purifying propylene almost always requires separating it from propane. Currently this is done by cryogenic distillation, where the two gases are liquefied by being cooled to sub-zero temperatures. This gives the propylene-propane separation process a very large energy footprint.
A solution is to use „metal-organic frameworks” (MOF’s). These are porous, crystalline polymers made of metal nodes that are linked together by organic ligands. The pores in their molecular structure allow MOFs to capture molecules so efficiently that they are now prime candidates in carbon-capture research.
Ultrathin MOF Membrane on Commercial Polymer Support
This is an ultrathin MOF membrane on commercial polymer support. (Image: K.V. Agrawal/EPFL)
In terms of separating molecules, MOF-based membranes are among the highest performers, and can carry out the propylene-propane separation at ambient temperature. One MOF called ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolium frameworks-8), allows propylene to diffuse through its pores 125 times more efficiently than propane at 30oC, offering high selectivity without the need for sub-zero temperatures.
„The main challenge with this approach is to synthesize high-quality, ultrathin, MOF films on commercial porous substrates without complicated substrate modifications,” says Professor Kumar Varoon Agrawal at EPFL. „Such high-quality films have fewer defects and are necessary for obtaining the highest possible separation selectivity.”
His lab at EPFL Sion has now developed a straightforward MOF crystallization approach called „electrophoretic nuclei assembly for crystallization of highly-intergrown thin-films” (ENACT) (Advanced Functional Materials, „Electrophoretic Nuclei Assembly for Crystallization of High-Performance Membranes on Unmodified Supports”).
Electrophoretic Nuclei Assembly for Energy-efficient Separation Membrane
This is an electrophoretic nuclei assembly for energy-efficient separation membrane. (Image: K.V. Agrawal/EPFL)
The ENACT method allows simple regulation of the heterogeneous nucleation on unmodified (as-obtained) porous and nonporous substrates. This in turn facilitates the synthesis of ultrathin, highly intergrown polycrystalline MOF films.
The lab used the ENACT method to synthesize 500-nm-thick MOF membranes. When they tested them, the membranes yielded one of the best separation performances in propylene/propane separation recorded to date. The ultrathin film yielded large propylene permeance (flux normalized with pressure difference), which will help reduce the membrane area needed for industrial applications.
The group concludes that the versatile, straightforward ENACT method can be extended to a wide-range of nanoporous crystals.
Source: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne